Effectiveness of
Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Common Menstrual
Irregularities Among Adolescent Girls
Dashrath Kale1, Pandurang Karhale1,
Akash Bembde1, Ankita Jogale1, Nikita Bakle1, Shilpa
Kulkarni2
1IV Year Basic B.Sc Nursing Students (2018 -19),
Swatantra Senani Uttamraoji Patil Nursing
College, Aurangabad.
2Asst Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecological Nursing
Swatantra Senani Uttamraoji Patil Nursing
College, Aurangabad.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: sksilpa99@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
Aim: A
Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on
Knowledge Regarding Common Menstrual Irregularities Among Adolescent Girls
Studying In Selected Senior Secondary Schools At Aurangabad. Objectives of the study: To assess the knowledge regarding common menstrual
irregularities among adolescent girls studying in selected senior secondary
schools before structured teaching programme. To prepare and administer
structured teaching programme regarding common menstrual irregularities among
adolescent girls studying in selected senior secondary schools. To assess the
knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent girls
studying in selected senior secondary schools after structured teaching
programme. To evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on
knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent girls
studying in selected senior secondary schools. To find out the association between
pre test knowledge score with selected demographic variables. Method: This
pre experimental study was conducted to evaluate effectiveness structured
teaching programme on knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among
adolescent girls studying in selected senior secondary schools. Convenient
sampling technique was used for the sample collection of 60 girls studying in
Sudhakarao Naik Vidhyalaya senior secondary school, Aurangabad. The present
study was evaluative in nature, conducted over a period of four weeks. The
conceptual frame work used for the study was based on modified open system
theory. Result: In pre test 21.66% [13] subjects had poor knowledge,
78.33% [47] subjects had average knowledge and none of them had good knowledge
regarding common menstrual irregularities. In post test 51.66% [31] subjects
had average knowledge and 48.33% [29] had good knowledge regarding common
menstrual irregularities. The study proved that post knowledge score 20.93% was
greater than mean pre test score 12.6. The mean difference between pre test
score and post test score was 8.33. Paired t test score was paired t = 14.61*
p<0.05 is significant at 0.05% level. Hence research hypothesis H1
was accepted. This indicated that the STP was effective in increasing the
knowledge of adolescent girls studying in selected senior secondary schools
regarding common menstrual irregularities.
KEYWORDS: STP (Structured Teaching Programme), Common Menstrual
Irregularities.
INTRODUCTION:
“Changes
are inherent in life, changes within and changes without, it is the eternal
change fullness of life, that makes life so beautiful” said by Sigmund Freud.
Yes, changes makes life worth living if only one knows how to adopt oneself and
adjust to the challenges created by the changing situation.1
Age
is a period of human life, measured by years from birth, usually marked by a
certain stage or degree of mental or physical development and involving legal
responsibility and capacity.2
The
word adolescence is derived from a Latin word “adolescence” which means to grow
into maturity. Adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to
adulthood and a period of intense change, which takes place within personality
of young girl, who being neither an adult nor a child finds herself to stay in
a man’s land, sandwiched between the carefree life of childhood and the
responsibilities of adulthood.3
This
is the period where they develop behavioral problems in the absence of proper
guidance and counseling. As a Sorenson comments on it, “an adolescent is a
traveller who has left one place, has not reached the next.” A modern
description of adolescence is teenager. It is the time period extends from age
of 10 or 12 years through at least 18 years of age.4
Menstruation
is a phenomenon unique to the females. The onset of menstruation (menarche) is
one of the most important changes occurring among the girls during adolescent
years and the first menstruation occurs between 12 and 15 years with a mean of
13years.5
Adolescent
girls constitute vulnerable group particularly in India where female child is
neglected one. Menstruation is still regarded as something unclean or dirty in
Indian society. The reaction to menstruation depends upon awareness and
knowledge about the subject 6.
Menstrual
irregularities are common disorders of a woman’s reproductive organs, including
the uterus and the ovaries. Menstrual irregularities include a variety of
condition in which menstruation is irregular, heavyand painful or does not
occur at all. The health problems of adolescents are very special 7
The
incidence of menstrual disorders are such as abnormal excessive uterine
bleeding was (27.39%), dysmenorrhea was (49.13%), pre-menstrual syndrome was
(46.52%), hypo-menorrhea was (59.56%), menorrhagia was (17.82%) and
oligomenorrhea was (16.8%). Among these the common menstrual irregularities we
were selecting premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea and metrorrhagia.8
Pre-menstrual
syndrome is the name given to the physical, psychological, and behavioral
symptoms that can occur in the two weeks before a woman’s monthly period. It is
also known as premenstrual tension. There are many different symptoms of
pre-menstrual syndrome, but breast tenderness, mood swings, feeling irritable
and loss of libido. Premenstrual syndrome reduce by avoid eating salty food,
coffee and alcohol. Drink lots of water and do the regular exercise.9
Dysmenorrhea
is one of the most frequently encountered gynecological disorder, refers to
painful menstruation. Dysmenorrhea is classified as primary or secondary
dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as painful menstrual cramps in
the absence of any visible pelvic pathology that could account for it. In the
secondary dysmenorrhea painful menstruation is accompanied by visible pelvic
pathology that account for the pain. Relieve pain during menstruation is by
regular exercise and proper bed rest.Placing warm pad or hot water bottle on
lower abdomen or back also helps to relieve pain.10
Metrorrhagia
is abnormal bleeding that occurs between periods or that is not associated with
menstruation. There are many causes of metrorrhagia including hormone imbalance,
abnormal growths, pregnancy complications and infection. The treatment of
metrorrhagia depends upon the causes of problem. 11
MATERIAL
AND METHODS:
Research
Objectives:
To
assess the knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent
girls studying in selected senior secondary schools before structured teaching
programme.
To
prepare and administer structured teaching programme regarding common menstrual
irregularities among adolescent girls studying in selected senior secondary
schools.
To
assess the knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent
girls studying in selected senior secondary schools after structured teaching
programme.
To
evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge
regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent girls studying in
selected senior secondary schools.
To
find out the association between pre test knowledge score with selected demographic
variables.
Research
Design:
One
group pre-test and post-test.
Research
Setting:
SudhakaraoNaikVidhyalaya
Senior Secondary School, Aurangabad.
Sample:
Adolescent
Girls of Senior Secondary School at Aurangabad.
Sample
size and sampling technique:
Sample
size considered for the study was 60 adolescent girls. Sampling technique was
Convenient Sampling which is a type of non probability sampling.
Development
and description of tool:
The
tool used for gathering relevant data, structured knowledge questionnaire, to
assess knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent
girls studying in selected senior secondary schools at Aurangabad.
Description
of tool:
Section
1: deals with
demographic variables such as age, education, family income, age at menarche.
Section
2: consists of structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of
adolescent girls regarding common menstrual irregularities.
Section
3: consists of structured teaching programme on common menstrual
irregularities
Inclusion
criteria:
·
Adolescent girls who
are 13-17 years of age.
·
Adolescent girls who
are available during the period of data collection.
·
Adolescent girls who
are able to speak and read Marathi.
Exclusion
Criteria:
Adolescent girls who are not willing to participate
in the study.
RESULT
AND DISCUSSION:
Graph
1: Distribution of samples according to pretest and post-test level knowledge
score
Graph
No 1 revealed that in the pretest 78% of
samples had average knowledge and 22% had poor knowledge regarding common
menstrual irregularities where as in posttest 52% of samples had average
knowledge and remaining 48% of samples had good knowledge regarding common
menstrual irregularities
Table
No. 1 Effectiveness of planned Teaching programme on knowledge regarding Common
Menstrual irregularities.
|
Knowledge assessment
|
Mean
|
Mean difference
|
SD
|
Df
|
Paired t value
|
P value
|
|
Pre test
|
12.6
|
8.33
|
3.49
|
59
|
14.61
|
<0.05
|
|
Post test
|
20.93
|
8.32
|
Significance
at 5% level
Table
No 1 revealed that mean difference of pre
test and post test knowledge score was 8.33 and paired t value was 14.61. This
showed that planned teaching programme was effective.
Table
No 2 revealed that the demographic variable age at menarche (
2= 19.43)
was associated whereas other demographic variables Age, Religion, Education, Family income, Previous
knowledge, Source of information were not associated
CONCLUSION:
The
findings of study supported that effectiveness of STP in increasing the
knowledge regarding common menstrual irregularities among adolescent girls studying
in selected senior secondary schools.
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